💬 新概念英语第四册

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

it must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe.

这个频率是宇宙中任何射电天文学家都应该熟悉的。

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered,

一旦这种波长的实际存在被发现，

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested.

提出把它作为星际间唯一可辨认的广播频率就为期不远了。

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets

没有这种手段，要想寻觅其他星球上的智力生命，

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous and absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.

就如同去伦敦见一位朋友，事先未约定地点，而荒唐地在街上游逛，以期待碰巧遇上一样。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment.

风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,

我们觉得，只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究，

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace.

至于风俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

As a matter of fact, it is the other way around.

事实上，情况正好相反。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Traditional custom, taken the world over,

从世界范围来看，传统风俗

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.

是由许多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任何个人养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异常。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter.

这只是问题的一个次要的侧面。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.

最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所表现出来的极其丰富多采的形式。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes.

没有一个人是用纯洁而无偏见的眼光看待世界。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.

们所看到的是一个受特定的风俗习惯、制度和思想方式剪辑过的世界。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes;

人甚至在哲学领域的探索中，人们也无法超越这些定型的框框。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.

人们关于真与伪的概念依然和特定的传统风俗有关。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual,as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom,

风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用和一个对风俗的任何影响相比，

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.

就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭所接纳的他的词汇量之比。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously,

当一个人认真地研究自发形成的社会秩序时，

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation.

杜威的比喻就是他实事求是观察得来的形象化的说法。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.

个人的生活史首先就是适应他的社团世代相传形成的生活方式和准则。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.

从他呱呱坠地的时刻起，他所生于其中的风俗就开始塑造他的经历和行为规范。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture,

到他会说话时，他就是传统文化塑造的一个小孩子了；

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities,

等他长大了，能做各种事了

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.

他的社团的习惯就是他的习惯，他的社团的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社团不能做的事就是他不能做的事。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Every child that is born into his group will share them with him,

每一个和他诞生在同一个社团中的孩子和他一样具有相同的风俗；

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part.

在地球的另一边，诞生在另一个社团的孩子与他就很少有相同的风俗。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom.

而没有任何一个社会问题比得上风俗的作用问题更要求我们对它理解。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties,

直到我们理解了风俗的规律性和多样性，