The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before.

早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰 -- 才是他们寻求的目标。

and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.

工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人，却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响。

Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan.

于是，知识便开始有系统有计划地积累起来。

the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.

结果就是把瓶药、盒药、罐药开给看病的人而完事大吉。

But a closer study of the evidence, supported by a deeper sense of the period,

但是，进一步仔细研究，对那个时代的深化了解，

A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound.

手表停了依然是只手表，还可以重上好发条。